Чтение: задание 11

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. due to basic human instinct that

2. is still early to judge

3. are simply the cycles of fashion

4. but more usually the stars are members

5. that the television phenomenon

6. is a type of programme that

7. seem to have disappeared

Reality TV seems to dominate broadcasting these days. But what is it, how did it emerge and why on earth is it so popular? The first question is easily answered. Reality TV A ___ presents unscripted, dramatic or humorous situations or events. It can involve celebrities В ___ of the public. Reality TV has been gradually growing in importance for over 60 years. "Candid Camera" — the show that filmed ordinary people reacting to set ups and pranks — started in 1948. Some people, however, believe it was the Japanese with their awful shows in the 1980s and 90s that brought reality TV to centre stage. Others believe С ___ that is called "Big Brother" was the show that spawned the reality TV age. But why are the shows so popular? Different theories come to life. Some believe that it is D ___ we like to watch horrible behaviour: the same instinct that once inspired the ancient Romans to go and watch gladiators destroy each other at the Coliseum. Others suggest a kind of voyeurism is involved there — an unhealthy curiosity to spy on other people's lives. Whatever the real reason — the trend seems to have already peaked. A lot of such shows E ___ or are expected to go in the near future. And the replacement seems to be talents shows — watching competitions in dance, singing and general entertainment. Does it mean that people are changing? It is too early to say. Most agree that these F ___ .

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. not like to spend our time

2. that it's probably not quite

3. that particular day turned

4. our real shopping in

5. sometimes go shopping for real

6. anything you want and there is

7. but when we are together

The day would be spent with my best friends Kath and Kate. We are actually three Catherines (by birth spelt with а С), A ___ we are all K's: Kat (that's me), Kath and Kate — the 3K Window Shopping gang! Window shopping is simply wonderful. You can look at any outfit. You can try on В ___ not a single item on sale for which the price is a problem. You will try something on, ponder, pout, twirl, think hard, check yourself in the mirror one last time and finally reflect С ___ right for you! The highlight of this regular adventure however, is generally the 3K chocolate and ice cream break in the Shopping Centre's top floor cafii Of course we do not believe that we are wasting anyone's time. We do D ___ as well, but a reliable equation for us is — 3Ks + shopping mall = a good time. But E ___ out to be especially memorable. One of the stores had a questionnaire lottery with the first prize being a voucher worth £ 200. We filled in the question forms while in the caffiand returned to the store by their 2.00 pm deadline. Kate won the first prize but we had decided in advance that if any of us won something, we would share equally: All for one К and one for all! At this point our morning of window shopping paid off. We completed F ___ slightly less than 10 minutes: three skirts, three hats and three belts and three very OK, K's.

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1. some three-quarters of the cheetah’s natural habitat

2. are needed to protect the species

3. with the vast majority of them dying

4. the study cites an alarmingly low population estimate of only 7,100 cheetahs

5. threatened with extinction

6. remaining in the wild live in Africa

7. such as providing incentives to communities to protect

According to a new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, cheetahs are heading toward extinction, and different conservation efforts A_____________.

While acknowledging the difficulty in gathering data because of the cheetah’s tendency to travel over vast amounts of territory, В________________remaining worldwide, with most found in six African countries. The Asian population has been nearly eliminated, with fewer than 50 cheetahs estimated to live in Iran.

Since cheetahs roam widely, C______________is not contained in reserves or other protected areas. This has led to an increasing number of clashes with humans as they encroach on the cheetah’s historical territorial range. Because of this, the study’s authors recommend expanding conservation efforts beyond just setting aside protected areas, D_________________the species. Another problem is the demand for cheetah cubs as exotic pets in some Middle Eastern countries. This has led to the illegal trafficking of cheetah cubs, E______________________in transit.

Currently, the cheetah is classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, an assessment system for classifying the status of plants, animals, and other organisms F_________________. The study recommends that the cheetah’s status be elevated from vulnerable to endangered.

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. whatever it costs

2. most excellent impression

3. you have never heard of before, and nobody else either

4. in the first three years you do not need to learn or use any other adjectives

5. would never know it really well

6. far from being the whole vocabulary of the language

7. and all this

When I arrived in England I thought I knew English. After I'd been here an hour I realized that I did not understand one word. In the first week I picked up a tolerable working knowledge of the language and the next seven years convinced me gradually but thoroughly that I A _________________ , let alone perfectly. This is sad. My only consolation being that nobody speaks English perfectly.

Remember that those five hundred words an average Englishman uses are В _________________. You may learn another five hundred and another five thousand and yet another fifty thousand and still you may come across a further fifty thousand С _________________.

If you live here long enough you will find out to your greatest amazement that the adjective nice is not the only adjective the language possesses, in spite of the fact that D _________________.

You can say that the weather is nice, a restaurant is nice, Mr. Soandso is nice, Mrs. Soandso's clothes are nice, you had a nice time, E _________________.

Then you have to decide on your accent. The easiest way to give the impression of having a good accent or no foreign accent at all is to hold an unlit pipe in your mouth, to mutter between your teeth and finish all your sentences with the question: "isn't it?" People will not understand much, but they are accustomed to that and they will get a F _________________.

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1. by each region’s polar front jet stream

2. temperatures rose to just above freezing

3. waves develop in the polar front jet stream

4. leading to record-low sea ice coverage

5. the strength of each cold area

6. by weather systems farther south

7. and as the region slips into greater and greater seasonal darkness

In the Arctic, the sea ice melt-off peaks in September A___________ and temperatures fall, sea ice begins to reform. In 2016, however, temperature conditions have been slow to follow this pattern. Instead, near-surface air temperatures in the Arctic have remained warmer than normal throughout Oclober and early November, В_______________ that lags behind the 1981—2010 average extent by almost 2 million square km (roughly 772,000 square miles) for the period.

Cold air at both the top and the bottom of the world is separated from warmer equatorward air C ___________an eastward-moving belt of strong stratospheric winds that separates warm tropical air from cold polar air in the midlatitudes. D______ , or polar vortex, varies with the season, but it is strongest during the winter season in each hemisphere, when the temperature contrast between the pole and the Equator is greatest. In the Northern Hemisphere this week, the presence of a very strong low- pressure system in the North Pacific Ocean has pushed the polar vortex off the Arctic Ocean and into Siberia. Above 80° North latitude, E__________________, some 20 °C (36 °F) above normal on November 15, while temperatures on November 15 over parts of Siberia sank to -40” (which are, coincidentally, equivalent measures on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales). The polar vortex is typically strong enough to hold its own against most incursions F_______________, but its strength relies on a steep temperature gradienfacross the polar front jet stream — the wall of air separating the polar vortex’s interior from the outside.

Установите соответствие тем 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.

1. which is above Earth's atmosphere.

2. which are transmitted to scientists on Earth.

3. which is invisible to the human eye.

4. who calculated the speed at which galaxies move.

5. so it has a clear view of space.

6. because many stars are in clouds of gas.

7. but where it is.

Before the Hubble Space Telescope was launched, scientists thought they knew the universe. They were wrong. The Hubble Space Telescope has changed many scientists' view of the universe. The telescope is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, A ___.

He established that many galaxies exist and developed the first system for their classifications. In many ways, Hubble is like any other telescope. It simply gathers light. It is roughly the size of a large school bus. What makes Hubble special is not what it is, В ___ .

Hubble was launched in 1990 from the "Discovery" space shuttle and it is about 350 miles above our planet, С ___ .

It is far from the glare of city lights, it doesn't have to look through the air, D ___ .

And what a view it is! Hubble is so powerful it could spot a fly on the moon. Yet in an average orbit, it uses the same amount of energy as 28 100-watt light bulbs. Hubble pictures require no film. The telescope takes digital images E ___ .

Hubble has snapped photos of storms on Saturn and exploding stars. Hubble doesn't just focus on our solar system. It also peers into our galaxy and beyond. Many Hubble photos show the stars that make up the Milky Way galaxy. A galaxy is a city of stars. Hubble cannot take pictures of the sun or other very bright objects, because doing so could "fry" the telescope's instruments, but it can detect infrared and ultra violet light F ___ . Some of the sights of our solar system that Hubble has glimpsed may even change the number of planets in it.

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1. as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

2. which was designed by D. Trezzini

3. which was the burial place of Russian

4. and reminding of the rich history of the city

5. as the most protected part of the city

6. which is located on the spire of the cathedral

7. that are located at the corners

Peter and Paul Fortress

The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A_______________________.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B_______________________. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C_____________________, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D_______________________ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E_______________________, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F_______________________ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

Установите соответствие предложений 1 — 7 текстам A — F. Занесите свои ответы в соответствующее поле справа. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании одно предложение лишнее.

1. me to take a print of your credit card

2. points poured out smoothly, no verbal

3. if I would even see her when

4. although it seemed virtually identical

5. so sure was I that nobody would

6. me to help you with your luggage

7. as if I am being processed like a product

"Have you stayed with us before sir?" asked the receptionist. His accent sounded middle-European; Czech possibly or Polish. Actually I hadn't stayed at this particular hotel before A ___ to many others from the same chain that I had stayed at. "No — first time" I replied with unnecessary brevity. The thing is I always feel В ___ rather than treated as an individual. Every word that I was about to hear, I had heard before — delivered no doubt from the depths of a tourism and hospitality course. "Welcome to Newcastle sir. Is this your first visit to our city? Can I trouble you to complete this form? Actually the first two lines and the signature at the bottom will do. Would you like С ___ , Sir? This will automatically unlock room facilities like mini-bar and telephone and any other extras you may require. Can I see your passport sir?" The questions and information D ___ responses were actually required and I handed over my passport, credit card and partly filled out form. I was tempted to write under name and address "Donald Duck, Duck Towers, Disney Street" — E ___ ever read the form again. But being a creature of habit I wrote my real name and address. While my card was being processed I looked across the reception area through the wall height windows to the beautiful River Tyne. A wave of nostalgia came over me. It was good to be back. I found myself thinking about her again and wondering F ___ a voice broke in: "It's a plastic key card sir. You also need it to activate the lift and when you get to your room, plug it into the switch on the left as you open the door. It will automatically supply electricity to the room. Any help with your baggage? No? Then enjoy your stay". The accomplished young Pole smiled as he delivered the final command and duly processed, I proceeded to the card activated lift.

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1. which damaged and destroyed hundreds more homes

2. the poorest country in the Americas

3. most of which enclose the sea

4. also known as the New World

5. which were unable to withstand the storm

6. after being pummeled by Category 4 storm Hurricane Matthew

7. which many feared might rival

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands, A____________, and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America.

The Caribbean struggles to recover В______________, the most powerful in the region since Hurricane Felix in 2007. Hardest hit was Haiti, C____________, where over a hundred people have been killed and thousands displaced. In urban areas many people live in shantytowns and flimsy housing, D_______________. Winds up to 230 krnph (145 mph) battered and flattened houses, schools, churches, and crops. A much- delayed presidential election has been further postponed due to the loss of polling stations. Nearby Cuba evacuated hundreds of thousands of people in advance of the storm, E__________________there with heavy flooding and high winds.

As the storm turned toward the East Coast of the United States, millions of people were told to evacuate their homes — the largest mandatory evacuation since Superstorm Sandy in 2012. Four states declared a state of emergency in advance of the storm, F________________ 1992’s massively destructive Hurricane Andrew if it made landfall.